Metal kupisa kurapwa maitiro anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: yakazara kupisa kurapwa, pamusoro kupisa kurapwa uye kemikari kupisa kurapwa.Zvichienderana nekudziya kwepakati, tembiricha yekudziya uye kutonhora nzira, chikamu chega chega chinogona kukamurwa kuita akati wandei akasiyana maitiro ekurapa kupisa.Uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekupisa kupisa, simbi imwechete inogona kuwana zvimiro zvakasiyana uye nekudaro ine hunhu hwakasiyana.Simbi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa simbi muindasitiri, uye iyo microstructure yesimbi ndiyo yakanyanya kuoma, saka kune akawanda marudzi esimbi kupisa kupisa maitiro.
Pakazara kupisa kurapwa isimbi kupisa kupisa maitiro ayo anopisa iyo workpiece yese uye yobva yaitonhodza nekumhanya kwakakodzera kuti ichinje yayo yese mechanic properties.Kupisa kwese kwesimbi kurapwa kunowanzo sanganisira mana ekutanga maitiro: annealing, normalizing, quenching uye tempering.
1.Annealing
Annealing ndeyekupisa iyo workpiece kune tembiricha yakakodzera, kutora nguva dzakasiyana dzekubata zvinoenderana nechinhu uye saizi yebasa, wozoitonhodza zvishoma nezvishoma.Chinangwa ndechekuita kuti chimiro chemukati chesimbi chisvike kana kuswedera kune yakaenzana, kana kusunungura kushushikana kwemukati kwakagadzirwa mumaitiro apfuura.Tora kuita kwakanaka kwemaitiro uye kuita sevhisi, kana gadzirira chimiro kuti uwedzere kudzimwa.
2.Normalizing
Normalizing kana normalizing ndiko kupisa workpiece kune yakakodzera tembiricha uye wozoitonhodza mumhepo.Mhedzisiro ye normalizing yakafanana neiyo ye annealing, kunze kwekunge iyo yakawanikwa chimiro yakanaka.Inowanzoshandiswa kuvandudza kushanda kwekucheka kwezvinhu, uye dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kusangana nezvimwe zvinodiwa.Kwete zvikamu zvepamusoro sekurapa kwekupisa kwekupedzisira.
3.Kudzima
Kudzima ndiko kupisa uye kuchengetedza workpiece, uye wobva wakurumidza kuitonhodza mumhepo yekudzima semvura, mafuta kana zvimwe zvigadziriso zvemunyu, organic aqueous solutions.
4.Tempering
Mushure mekudzima, simbi inova yakaoma asi panguva imwechete inova brittle.Kuti uderedze brittleness yezvikamu zvesimbi, zvikamu zvesimbi zvakadzimwa zvinochengetwa pakushambidzika kwakakodzera pamusoro pekushisa kwekamuri uye pasi pe650 ° C kwenguva yakareba, uye zvino inotonhorera.Iyi nzira inonzi tempering.Kudzima, kudzikamisa, kudzima, uye kupisa ndidzo "moto mina" mukurapa kwekupisa.Pakati pavo, kudzima uye kupisa zvine hukama hwepedyo uye kunowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete uye kunokosha.
"Moto ina" dzakagadzira nzira dzakasiyana dzekurapa kupisa nemhando dzakasiyana dzekupisa uye nzira dzekutonhora.Kuti uwane rimwe simba uye kuoma, nzira yekubatanidza kudzima uye kupisa kwepamusoro-soro kunonzi quenching uye kupisa.Mushure mekunge mamwe maalloys adzimwa kuti aite supersaturated solid solution, anochengetwa pakamuri tembiricha kana tembiricha yakakwira kwenguva yakareba kuti ivandudze kuoma, simba kana electromagnetic zvimiro zvealloy.Iyi nzira yekurapa kupisa inonzi kurapa kukwegura.
Iyo nzira yekunyatso uye yakanyatso kusanganisa kudzvinyirira kugadzirisa deformation uye kupisa kurapwa kuti uwane simba rakanaka uye kuoma kweiyo workpiece inonzi deformation kupisa kurapwa;kupisa kurapwa kunoitwa mumhepo yakashata yekumanikidza kana vacuum inonzi vacuum kupisa kurapwa, iyo isingagone chete Iyo workpiece haizove oxidized kana decarburized, uye pamusoro peiyo yakabatwa workpiece ichachengetwa yakatsetseka uye yakachena, ichivandudza kushanda kweiyo workpiece.Inogona zvakare kuve yemakemikari kupisa inobatwa neinopinza mumiririri.
Parizvino, nekukura kuri kuwedzera kwelaser uye plasma tekinoroji, tekinoroji mbiri idzi dzinoshandiswa kuisa mutsetse wemamwe machira asingapfeki, asingadzivirike kana kupisa machira pamusoro pezvakajairwa simbi yekushanda simbi kuti uchinje nzvimbo dzepamusoro. yepakutanga workpiece.Iyi nyowani Iyo tekinoroji inodaidzwa kuti surface modification.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-31-2024