Simbi yesimbi inoshandiswa muchando inonyanya kushandiswa pakukanda, kufukidza, kugadzira, kukotama, kuburitsa zvinhu zvinotonhora, kudhirowa zvinotonhora, kuumba, kukotama, kuburitsa zvinhu zvinotonhora, nezvimwewo. Inoda kuomarara kwakanyanya, kuramba kupfeka zvakanyanya uye kusimba kwakakwana. Kazhinji yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: mhando yakajairika uye mhando yakakosha. Semuenzaniso, simbi inoshandiswa muchando muUnited States inowanzo sanganisira magiredhi mana esimbi: 01, A2, D2, uye D3. Kuenzanisa kwemhando dzesimbi dzesimbi inoshandiswa muchando munyika dzakasiyana-siyana kunoratidzwa muTafura 4. Sekureva kweJIS standard yeJapan, mhando huru dzesimbi inoshandiswa muchando dzinogona kushandiswa iSK series, kusanganisira SK series carbon tool steels, 8 SKD series alloy tool steels, uye 9 SKHMO series high-speed steels, kune huwandu hwemagiredhi esimbi makumi maviri nemana. GB/T1299-2000 alloy tool steel standard yeChina inosanganisira huwandu hwemhando dzesimbi gumi nerimwe, dzichigadzira nhevedzano yakakwana. Nekuchinja kwetekinoroji yekugadzirisa, zvinhu zvakagadzirwa uye kudiwa kwemamolds, nhevedzano yekutanga haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa. Zvigayo zvesimbi zvekuJapan pamwe nevagadziri vakuru vemidziyo nesimbi dzekuEurope vakagadzira simbi dzinoshanda nechando dzine chinangwa chakakosha, uye zvishoma nezvishoma vakagadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzinoshanda nechando, kugadzirwa kwesimbi idzi dzinoshanda nechando ndikowo kwakanangana nekugadzirwa kwesimbi dzinoshanda nechando.
Simba resimbi rinodzima mhepo inotonhora
Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekurapa kupisa, kunyanya kushandiswa kwakakura kwetekinoroji yekudzimisa vacuum muindasitiri yeforoma, kuitira kuderedza kuchinjika kwekudzima, mamwe masimbi ekudzimisa mweya asina kusimba akagadzirwa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. Rudzi urwu rwesimbi runoda kusimba kwakanaka uye kurapwa kwekupisa. Rune kuchinjika kudiki, simba rakanaka uye kusimba, uye rune simba rekudzivirira kupfeka. Kunyangwe simbi yakajairwa ine kusimba kwakanyanya (senge D2, A2) ine kusimba kwakanaka, ine huwandu hwakawanda hwe alloy uye inodhura. Saka, mamwe masimbi ekudzimisa muviri asina kusimba akagadzirwa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. Rudzi urwu rwesimbi runowanzova nezvinhu zve alloy Cr uye Mn alloy elements kuti zvivandudze kusimba. Huwandu hwezvinhu zve alloy hunowanzova <5%. Yakakodzera kugadzira zvikamu zvemhando yepamusoro zvine mabheti madiki ekugadzira. Zviumbwa zvakaoma. Magiredhi esimbi anomiririra anosanganisira A6 kubva kuUnited States, ACD37 kubva kuHitachi Metals, G04 kubva kuDaido Special Steel, AKS3 kubva kuAichi Steel, nezvimwewo. Simbi yeChinese GD, mushure mekudzima pa900°C uye kudziya pa200°C, inogona kuchengetedza huwandu hwakati hweaustenite yakachengetwa uye ine simba rakanaka, kusimba uye kugadzikana kwehukuru. Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira madhiri ekudzikisa anotonhora anogona kutsemuka nekupwanyika. Inoshanda kwenguva refu.
Simbi yesimbi inodzima moto
Kuti kupfupisa kutenderera kwekugadzira chakuvhuvhu, kurerutsa maitiro ekupisa, kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira chakuvhuvhu. Japan yakagadzira mamwe masimbi ekushanda anotonhora anoshandiswa pakudzimisa moto. Akajairika anosanganisira Aichi Steel's SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV), SX4 (Cr8), Hitachi Metal's HMD5, HMD1, Datong Special Steel Company's G05 steel, nezvimwewo. China yakagadzira 7Cr7SiMnMoV. Rudzi urwu rwesimbi runogona kushandiswa kupisa banga kana zvimwe zvikamu zvechivhuvhu uchishandisa oxyacetylene spray gun kana mamwe maheater mushure mekunge chivhuvhu chagadziriswa uye chozotonhodzwa nemhepo uye chadzimwa. Kazhinji, inogona kushandiswa zvakananga mushure mekudzima. Nekuda kwemaitiro ayo ari nyore, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muJapan. Rudzi rwesimbi rwunomiririra rudzi urwu rwesimbi i7CrSiMnMoV, iyo ine kuoma kwakanaka. Kana simbi ye φ80mm yadzimwa nemafuta, kuoma kuri kure ne 30mm kubva pamusoro kunogona kusvika 60HRC. Musiyano wekuoma pakati pepakati nepamusoro i3HRC. Kana moto uchidzima, Mushure mekudziya pa180~200°C uye kupisa kusvika 900-1000°C yekudzima nepfuti yekupfapfaidza, kuomarara kunogona kusvika pamusoro pe60HRC uye layer yakasimba inodarika 1.5mm inogona kuwanikwa.
Kusimba kwakanyanya, simbi inotonhora inofa yakasimba
Kuti vawedzere kusimba kwesimbi inotonhora uye kuderedza kuramba kwekupfeka kwesimbi, mamwe makambani makuru ekugadzira simbi yemhando yemold yekune dzimwe nyika akagadzira simbi dzinotonhora dzine simba guru uye kuramba kwekupfeka zvakanyanya. Rudzi urwu rwesimbi runowanzova ne1% kabhoni uye 8% Cr. Nekuwedzera Mo, V, Si nezvimwe zvinhu zve alloying, ma carbides ayo akanaka, akapararira zvakaenzana, uye kusimba kwayo kwakanyanya kupfuura kwesimbi yemhando yeCr12, nepo kuramba kwayo kwekupfeka kwakafanana. . Kuomarara kwavo, simba reflexural, simba rekuneta uye kusimba kwekutyoka kwakanyanya, uye kugadzikana kwavo kwekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanyawo kupfuura simbi yemhando yeCrl2. Dzakakodzera kupwanya nekukurumidza uye kupwanya kwenzvimbo dzakawanda. Mhando dzesimbi dzinomiririra dzerudzi urwu rwesimbi ndiDC53 yeJapan ine V yakaderera uye CRU-WEAR ine V yakawanda. DC53 inodzimwa pa1020-1040°C uye kuomarara kunogona kusvika 62-63HRC mushure mekutonhorera kwemhepo. Inogona kudzikiswa patembiricha yakaderera (180 ~ 200℃) uye tembiricha yepamusoro (500~ 550℃), kusimba kwayo kunogona kupetwa ka1 kupfuura D2, uye kushanda kwayo kuneta kuri 20% kupfuura D2; mushure mekuumba nekumonera kweCRU-WEAR, inonamirwa uye inonamirwa pa850-870℃. Pasi pe30℃/awa, inotonhodzwa kusvika 650℃ yoburitswa, kuomarara kunogona kusvika 225-255HB, tembiricha yekudzima inogona kusarudzwa iri pakati pe1020 ~ 1120℃, kuomarara kunogona kusvika 63HRC, kudzikiswa pa480 ~ 570℃ zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushandisa, nechipiri chiri pachena. Mhedzisiro yekusimba, kuramba kupfeka uye kusimba zviri nani pane D2.
Simbi yesimbi (simbi inomhanya zvakanyanya)
Simbi inomhanya zvakanyanya yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya kunze kwenyika kugadzira zviumbwa zvekushanda zvinotonhora zvinoshanda zvakanyanya uye zvinogara kwenguva refu nekuda kwekusakara kwayo kwakanaka uye kuomarara kutsvuku, senge simbi inomhanya zvakanyanya yeJapan SKH51 (W6Mo5Cr4V2). Kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvechiumbwa, kuomarara kunowanzo vandudzwa nekuderedza tembiricha yekudzima, kudzima kuomarara kana kuderedza kabhoni musimbi inomhanya zvakanyanya. Simbi yeMatrix inogadzirwa kubva kusimbi inomhanya zvakanyanya, uye kuumbwa kwayo kwemakemikari kwakaenzana nekuumbwa kwesimbi inomhanya zvakanyanya mushure mekudzima. Naizvozvo, huwandu hwemacarbides akasara mushure mekudzima hudiki uye hwakapararira zvakaenzana, izvo zvinovandudza zvikuru kusimba kwesimbi zvichienzaniswa nesimbi inomhanya zvakanyanya. United States neJapan vakadzidza simbi dzebase dzine magiredhi eVascoMA, VascoMatrix1 neMOD2 mukutanga kwema1970. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, DRM1, DRM2, DRM3, nezvimwewo zvakagadzirwa. Kazhinji inoshandiswa kune zviumbwa zvekushanda zvinotonhora zvinoda kusimba kwakanyanya uye kugadzikana kuri nani kwekudzivirira kupisa. China yakagadzirawo dzimwe simbi dzepasi, dzakadai se65Nb (65Cr4W3Mo2VNb), 65W8Cr4VTi, 65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi nedzimwe simbi. Rudzi urwu rwesimbi rune simba rakanaka uye rwakasimba uye runoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvinhu zvinotonhora, kugadzira zvinhu zvinotonhora zvine maplate akawanda, kugadzira mavhiri anotenderera netambo, kugadzira zvinhu zvinotonhora zvine mavhiri, kugadzira zvinhu zvinotonhora zvine mavhiri, nezvimwewo, uye runogona kushandiswa sekugadzira zvinhu zvinodziya zvine mavhiri.
Upfu hwesimbi yekuumbwa kwesimbi
Simbi yemhando ye LEDB-high-alloy cold work die die yakagadzirwa nemaitiro akajairwa, kunyanya zvinhu zvechikamu chikuru, ine macarbide akaomarara uye kugoverwa kusina kuenzana, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kuomarara, kukuya uye isotropy yesimbi. Mumakore achangopfuura, makambani makuru esimbi ekunze anogadzira midziyo nesimbi dzakanyanya kutarisisa pakugadzira simbi dzakatevedzana dzesimbi dzinokurumidza kuita upfu uye high-alloy die, izvo zvakakonzera kukura nekukurumidza kwemhando iyi yesimbi. Uchishandisa nzira yesimbi dzinoshandiswa kuita upfu, upfu hwesimbi hunobva muatomu hunotonhora nekukurumidza uye macarbide anoumbwa akanaka uye akafanana, izvo zvinovandudza zvakanyanya kuomarara, kukuya uye isotropy yezvinhu zvechiumbwa. Nekuda kweiyi nzira yakakosha yekugadzira, macarbides akanaka uye akafanana, uye mashandiro ekugadzira uye kukuya anovandudzwa, zvichibvumira kuti kabhoni yakawanda nevanadium iwedzere musimbi, nokudaro zvichigadzira mhando itsva dzesimbi. Semuenzaniso, Datong's DEX series yekuJapan (DEX40, DEX60, DEX80, nezvimwewo), Hitachi Metal's HAP series, Fujikoshi's FAX series, UDDEHOLM's VANADIS series, Erasteel's ASP series yekuFrance, uye poda metallurgy tool yekambani yeAmerican CRUCIBLE uye die steel zviri kukura nekukurumidza. Kugadzira nhevedzano yepoda metallurgy steels dzakadai seCPMlV, CPM3V, CPMlOV, CPM15V, nezvimwewo, kuramba kwavo kupfeka uye kusimba kwavo kwavandudzika zvikuru zvichienzaniswa nesimbi yemidziyo nedie yakagadzirwa nemaitiro akajairwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-02-2024
