Cold work die simbi inonyanya kushandiswa kutsika, blanking, kuumba, kukotama, kutonhora extrusion, kutonhora kudhirowa, upfu metallurgy anofa, etc. Zvinoda kuoma kwakakwirira, kukwirira kupfeka kusagadzikana uye kusimba kwakakwana. Kazhinji yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: general type uye special type. Semuenzaniso, iyo yakawanda-chinangwa inotonhora basa die simbi muUnited States inowanzo sanganisira mana simbi mamakisi: 01, A2, D2, uye D3. Kufananidzwa kwemagiredhi esimbi e-general-purpose cold work alloy die steel munyika dzakasiyana-siyana inoratidzwa muTafura 4. Maererano neJapan JIS standard, mhando huru dzesimbi inotonhora inofa inogona kushandiswa ndeye SK series, kusanganisira SK series. carbon tool steel, 8 SKD series alloy tool steels, uye 9 SKHMO series high-speed steels, nokuda kwezvikamu makumi maviri nemana zvesimbi. China's GB/T1299-2000 alloy tool simbi chiyero chinosanganisira huwandu hwemhando gumi neimwe dzesimbi, dzichigadzira dzakati wandei dzakateerana. Nekuchinja kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa tekinoroji, zvakagadziridzwa zvinhu uye kudiwa kwema mold, yekutanga yakakosha nhevedzano haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa. Japanese simbi zvigayo uye chikuru European mudziyo uye kufa simbi vagadziri vakagadzira inokosha-chinangwa inotonhora basa kufa simbi, uye zvishoma nezvishoma akaumba Respective basa inotonhora kufa simbi dzakatevedzana, kuvandudzwa aya anotonhora basa die simbi iriwo budiriro nhungamiro yechando basa die simbi.
Low alloy mhepo inodzima inotonhora basa kufa simbi
Nekuvandudza tekinoroji yekurapa kupisa, kunyanya kushandiswa kwakakura kwevacuum quenching tekinoroji muindasitiri yeforoma, kuitira kuderedza deformation yekudzima, mamwe masimbi akadzika-alloy air-quenched micro-deformation akagadzirwa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. Rudzi urwu rwesimbi runoda kunaka kuoma uye kurapwa kwekupisa Iine diki deformation, simba rakanaka uye kuoma, uye ine kumwe kusamira kwekupfeka. Kunyange zvazvo yakajairika high-alloy cold work inofa simbi (yakadai seD2, A2) ine kunaka kuoma, ine yakakwira alloy content uye inodhura. Nokudaro, mamwe masimbi akaderera-alloy micro-deformation akagadziridzwa kumba uye kunze kwenyika. Iri rudzi rwesimbi kazhinji rine alloy zvinhu Cr uye Mn alloy zvinhu zvekuvandudza kuoma. Zvose zviri mukati me alloy elements zvinowanzo <5%. Inokodzera kugadzirwa kwakaringana zvikamu zvine mabheti madiki ekugadzira. Complex molds. Representative steel grade zvinosanganisira A6 kubva kuUnited States, ACD37 kubva kuHitachi Metals, G04 kubva kuDaido Special Steel, AKS3 kubva kuAichi Steel, etc. yeakachengetwa austenite uye ane simba rakanaka, kusimba uye kugadzikana kwedimensional. Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira inotonhora stamping inofa iyo inowanzoitika kucheka uye kutsemuka. Upenyu hwebasa repamusoro.
Murazvo wakadzima mold simbi
Kuti upfupise kutenderera kwekugadzira mold, kurerutsa maitiro ekupisa kupisa, kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira we mold. Japan yakagadzira mamwe masimbi anotonhora anotonhora ekudzima zvinodiwa nemurazvo. Zvakajairika zvinosanganisira Aichi Steel's SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV), SX4 (Cr8), Hitachi Metal's HMD5, HMD1, Datong Special Steel Company's G05 simbi, nezvimwewo China yakagadzira 7Cr7SiMnMoV. Rudzi urwu rwesimbi runogona kushandiswa kupisa blade kana zvimwe zvikamu zvefodya uchishandisa oxyacetylene pfapfaidzo pfuti kana mamwe heaters mushure mekugadzira mold uye ipapo mhepo-yakatonhorera uye kudzimwa. Kazhinji, inogona kushandiswa zvakananga mushure mekudzima. Nekuda kwekuita kwayo kuri nyore, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muJapan. Mumiririri wesimbi mhando yemhando iyi yesimbi ndeye 7CrSiMnMoV, iyo ine kunaka kuoma. Kana φ80mm simbi iri oiri yakadzimwa, kuoma kuri kure ne30mm kubva pamusoro kunogona kusvika 60HRC. Musiyano mukuoma pakati pepakati nepamusoro ndeye 3HRC. Kana murazvo uchidzima, Mushure mekupisa pa180 ~ 200 ° C uye kupisa kusvika 900-1000 ° C yekudzima nepfuti yekupfapfaidza, kuoma kunogona kusvika pamusoro pe60HRC uye yakaomeswa layer inopfuura 1.5mm inogona kuwanikwa.
Kuomarara kwepamusoro, kupfeka kwakanyanya kutonhora kunoshanda kufa simbi
Kuti uvandudze kuoma kwesimbi inotonhora inofa uye kuderedza kusapfeka kwesimbi, mamwe makambani makuru ekugadzira simbi ekunze akatevedzana akagadzira nhevedzano yesimbi inotonhora inofa ine zvese kusimba kwepamusoro uye yakakwirira kupfeka kuramba. Rudzi urwu rwesimbi kazhinji rune 1% kabhoni uye 8% Cr. Nekuwedzerwa kweMo, V, Si uye zvimwe zvinhu zvealloying, macarbides ayo akanaka, akagoverwa zvakaenzana, uye kuoma kwayo kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura kweCr12 yemhando yesimbi, nepo kusamira kwayo kwakafanana. . Kuoma kwavo, kusimba kwesimba, kuneta simba uye kutsemuka kusimba kwakakwira, uye kugadzikana kwavo kunopesana nekutsamwa zvakare kwakakwira kupfuura Crl2 type mold simbi. Izvo zvakakodzera kune-high-speed punches uye multi-station punches. Mhando dzesimbi dzinomiririra dzerudzi urwu rwesimbi iJapan DC53 ine yakaderera V yemukati uye CRU-WEAR ine yakakwira V yemukati. DC53 inodzimwa pa1020-1040 ° C uye kuoma kunogona kusvika 62-63HRC mushure mekutonhora kwemhepo. Inogona kudzikamiswa pakudzika kwakadzika (180 ~ 200 ℃) uye kupisa kwakanyanya (500 ~ 550 ℃), kuoma kwayo kunogona kuva 1 nguva yakakwirira kudarika D2, uye kushanda kwayo kuneta i20% yakakwirira kudarika D2; mushure meCRU-WEAR yekugadzira nekukunguruka, inonyudzwa uye inosimbiswa pa850-870 ℃. Isingasviki 30 ℃/awa, yakanyoroveswa kusvika 650 ℃ uye yakaburitswa, kuoma kunogona kusvika 225-255HB, tembiricha yekudzima inogona kusarudzwa mumhando ye1020 ~ 1120 ℃, kuomarara kunogona kusvika 63HRC, kudziya pa480 ~ 570 ℃. kune mamiriro ekushandisa, ane pachena sekondari Iyo yekuomesa mhedzisiro, kupfeka kuramba uye kuomarara zviri nani pane D2.
Base simbi (High-speed steel)
Simbi inomhanya-mhanya yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kunze kwenyika kugadzira molds yekushanda kwepamusoro-soro, yehupenyu hurefu hwekutonhora nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kupfeka uye kuomarara kwakatsvuka, senge Japan's general standard high-speed steel SKH51 (W6Mo5Cr4V2). Kuti uenderane nezvinodiwa zve mold, kuoma kunowanzo kuvandudzwa nekudzikisa kupisa kwekudzima, kudzima kuoma kana kuderedza kabhoni yemukati mune yakakwirira-kumhanya simbi. Matrix simbi inogadzirwa kubva kune-high-speed simbi, uye chimiro chayo chemakemikari yakaenzana nekuumbwa kwematrix yesimbi yepamusoro-soro mushure mekudzima. Nokudaro, nhamba yecarbides yakasara mushure mekudzima iduku uye yakagoverwa zvakafanana, iyo inovandudza zvikuru kuoma kwesimbi kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi yakakwirira. United States neJapan dzakadzidza masimbi epasi aine mamakisi VascoMA, VascoMatrix1 uye MOD2 mukutanga kwema1970. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, DRM1, DRM2, DRM3, zvichingodaro. Inowanzo shandiswa kutonhora basa molds inoda kuomarara kwepamusoro uye zvirinani anti-tempering kugadzikana. China yakagadzirawo mamwe mabhesi esimbi, akadai se65Nb (65Cr4W3Mo2VNb), 65W8Cr4VTi, 65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi uye mamwe masimbi. Iyi mhando yesimbi ine simba rakanaka uye kuoma uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutonhora extrusion, gobvu ndiro inotonhorera punching, shinda inotenderedza mavhiri, impression inofa, inotonhora musoro inofa, nezvimwewo, uye inogona kushandiswa seinodziya extrusion inofa.
Powder metallurgy mold simbi
LEDB-mhando yakakwira-alloy inotonhora basa simbi inogadzirwa neyakajairwa maitiro, kunyanya-hombe-chikamu zvinhu, ine coarse eutectic carbides uye isina kugovera kugovera, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya kuoma, grindability uye isotropy yesimbi. Mumakore achangopfuura, makambani makuru ekune dzimwe nyika anokosha esimbi anogadzira chishandiso uye anofa simbi akaisa pfungwa pakugadzira mutsara weupfu simbi yakakwira-nokukurumidza simbi uye yakakwirira-alloy die simbi, izvo zvakakonzera kukurumidza kukura kwemhando iyi yesimbi. Uchishandisa iyo poda metallurgy process, iyo atomized simbi poda inotonhora nekukurumidza uye iyo carbides inoumbwa yakanaka uye yunifomu, iyo inovandudza zvakanyanya kuoma, grindability uye isotropy ye mold zvinhu. Nekuda kweiyi yakakosha kugadzirwa maitiro, macarbides akanaka uye akafanana, uye machinability uye kugaya kuita kunovandudzwa, zvichibvumira yakakwira kabhoni uye vanadium zvemukati kuti zviwedzerwe kusimbi, nekudaro kugadzira nhevedzano yemhando itsva dzesimbi. Semuyenzaniso, yeJapan Datong's DEX series (DEX40, DEX60, DEX80, etc.), Hitachi Metal's HAP series, Fujikoshi's FAX series, UDDEHOLM's VANADIS series, France's Erasteel's ASP series, uye kambani yeAmerican CRUCIBLE poda yesimbi iri kukurumidza kugadzira simbi uye inofa. . Kugadzira nhevedzano yehupfu simbi simbi dzakadai seCPMlV, CPM3V, CPMlOV, CPM15V, nezvimwewo, kuramba kwavo kupfeka uye kusimba kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya kana zvichienzaniswa nemidziyo uye simbi inofa inogadzirwa nemaitiro akajairwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-02-2024