Kabhoni simbi yakatsetseka isimbi yakareba, yakati sandara, ine mativi mana, inowanzo gadzirwa nekupisa kunotenderedzwa kana kudhirowa kunotonhora. Upamhi hwayo hwakakura kupfuura ukobvu hwayo, zvichiisiyanisa nematanda madiki kana akatenderera. Izwi rekuti "kabhoni simbi" rinoratidza kuti chinhu chayo chikuru chekusanganisa icarbon, ine huwandu hushoma hwezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semanganese, silicon, nesarufa. Hunhu hwekabhoni (kubva pa0.05% kusvika pamusoro pe1.0%) hunokanganisa zvakananga kuomarara, simba, ductility, uye weldability yesimbi.
Kutenderedza nechando kunoitwa pasi pekupisa kwe recrystallization. Kazhinji kunoitwa patembiricha yemumba, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva simbi ichidziiswa zvishoma kuderedza kuoma kwekugadzirisa, asi tembiricha yacho yakaderera zvikuru pane tembiricha yekupisa yekutenderedza.
Kutenderedza kwakatonhora kunowanzoitwa pasimbi inoputirwa nekupisa. Mushure mekugadzirisa pamusoro pesimbi sekubika, simbi inoputirwa nekupisa inoiswa muchina unotonhorera kuti ipfuure. Munguva yekutenderedza kwakatonhora, simbi inoderedzwa ukobvu uye kurongeka kwayo kwehukuru uye kunaka kwepamusoro kunovandudzwa nekudzvanywa kwemarolls patembiricha yemumba. Nekuti kutenderedza kwakatonhora kunoitwa patembiricha yakaderera, kuoma kwebasa resimbi kunonyanya kuoneka, zvichida kudzvanywa kwepakati uye mamwe marapirwo kuti idzorere purasitiki yayo. Mushure mekuomesa basa, simbi inoputirwa nechando inoratidza simba rakawedzera zvakanyanya, asi purasitiki yayo nekusimba kwayo kunoderera zvishoma. Simbi inoputirwa nechando inopa hunhu hwepamusoro hwepamusoro uye kurongeka kwakanyatsojeka, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa kunoda hunhu hwepamusoro hwepamusoro uye kurongeka kwehukuru.
Kutenderedza kunopisa inzira yekutenderedza inoitwa pamusoro pekupisa kwe recrystallization. Ruzhinji rwesimbi dzakapfava dzekabhoni dzinogadzirwa nekupisa. Kupisa kunowanzova pakati pe1100℃ ne1250℃, panguva iyo simbi inenge yakanyorova zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuchinjika nepurasitiki. Izvi zvinodhura zvishoma, zvinowanikwa muhukuru hwakasiyana-siyana, kazhinji kubva pa1/8 inch kusvika 4 inches muukobvu uye kusvika pa12 inches muhupamhi.
Kutanga, simbi inopiswa kusvika pakupisa kwakanyanya, yobva yatenderedzwa kakawanda kuburikidza nemarongero akatevedzana, zvichideredza ukobvu hwesimbi uku ichigadzirisa chimiro chayo nehukuru hwayo. Panguva yekumonera inopisa, chimiro chesimbi chinoshanduka; chimiro chepakutanga chinogadzirwa chinoshandurwa kuita chimiro chinomonera kupisa chakananga kuburikidza nekumonera nekutonhodza. Simbi inomonera inopisa inowanzova nepamusoro pakaoma uye inogona kunge iine zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi oxide scale. Simbi inomonera inopisa ine simba shoma asi iri nani uye yakasimba. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti simbi inodziya zvakanyanya uye inotonhora nekukurumidza panguva yekumonera inopisa, zvichikonzera chimiro chakafanana uye kushushikana kwemukati kwakaderera.
Hunhu hwemakanika esimbi yakatsetseka yekabhoni hunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekabhoni uye maitiro ekurapa kupisa. Simbi yakatsetseka yemhando yesimbi ine kabhoni shoma (AISI 1018, ASTM A36) ine simba rekudhonza rinosvika 400–550 MPa, simba rekugovanisa rinosvika 250–350 MPa, uye kureba pakuputsika kwe20–25%. Yakapfava, inopfava, uye iri nyore kushingirira kana kuisanganisa nemashini. Simbi yekabhoni yepakati (AISI 1045), mushure mekugadziriswa, inogona kuwana simba rekudhonza re570–700 MPa, asi kugona kwayo kudhonza kunoderera. Simbi ine kabhoni yakawanda (AISI 1095) inogona kuva nesimba rekudhonza rinodarika 800 MPa, asi inopfava kunze kwekunge yapiswa nekupisa.
Kunze kwekabhoni, zvimwe zvinhu zvinoitawo mabasa mashoma. Manganese (kusvika 1.65%) inowedzera simba uye inobvisa maoxide kubva musimbi. Phosphorus nesarufa zvinochengetwa zvakaderera (zvese zviri pasi pe 0.05%) kudzivirira kupwanyika kwechando uye kupisa kutsemuka. Imwe simbi yakati sandara inoiswa muchimiro chekunamira nemafuta kuti ibvise ganda rinotenderera uye inodzivirira ngura kwenguva pfupi.
Imwe yenzvimbo huru dzinoshandiswa pakugadzira simbi yakapfava yekabhoni iindasitiri yekuvaka. Idzi simbi dzakapfava dzinowanzo shandiswa sezvikamu zvekuvaka muzvivakwa, mabhiriji, uye mamwe mapurojekiti ezvivakwa. Simba radzo nekuomarara kwadzo zvinoita kuti dzikwanise kutsigira mitoro inorema uye kupa kugadzikana kwezvivakwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Uyezve, simbi yakapfava yekabhoni inoshandiswa kakawanda kugadzira mafuremu, zvinotsigira, uye mabhureki; chimiro chayo chakapfava chinoita kuti zvive nyore kubatanidzwa mumagadzirirwo akasiyana-siyana. Kuchinja-chinja kwezvigadzirwa zvesimbi yakapfava kunoita kuti zvive sarudzo inofarirwa nemainjiniya nevagadziri vezvivakwa.
Kunze kweindasitiri yekuvaka, simbi yekabhoni inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri emotokari nemidziyo. Inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemotokari, zvakaita sechassis, axles, uye suspension systems. Chiyero chakakwirira chesimbi yekabhoni inoshandiswa nesimba kusvika pakurema chinobvumira vagadziri kugadzira zvikamu zvakareruka asi zvakasimba, nokudaro zvichivandudza mashandiro emotokari uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemafuta. Uyezve, muindasitiri yemichina, zvigadzirwa zvesimbi inoshandiswa kugadzira michina nezvishandiso, uye kugara kwenguva refu uye kuramba kupfeka kwakakosha pakushanda kwenguva refu.
Kusarudza simbi yakatsetseka yekabhoni yakakodzera kunoda kuyera zvinhu zvakati wandei: hunhu hwemakanika hunodiwa (simba, ductility, kuoma), kurongeka kwehukuru, kupedzwa kwenzvimbo, nharaunda dzinoora, nzira dzekugadzirisa (welding, machining, kukotamisa), uye zvipingamupinyi zvebhajeti. Kune akawanda mashandisirwo ekuvaka, ASTM A36 hot-rolled low-carbon steel flat bar inopa musanganiswa wakanakisa maererano nekuwanikwa, mashandiro, uye mutengo. Kune mashafts akanyatsogadzirwa kana machine tool guideways, 1018 kana 1045 steel inodhonzwa inotonhora isarudzo iri nani. Kune zvikamu zvakasakara zvakanyanya senge scrapers, simbi ine kabhoni yakawanda kana bhari rakagadziriswa kupisa rinogona kudiwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-18-2026
