Kugona kwesimbi kupikisa kudzika kwepamusoro nezvinhu zvakaoma kunonzi kuomarara. Zvinoenderana neyakasiyana nzira dzekuyedza uye chiyero chekushandisa, kuomarara kunogona kukamurwa kuita Brinell kuomarara, Rockwell kuomarara, Vickers kuomarara, Shore kuomarara, microhardness uye yakanyanya kuoma tembiricha. Kune matatu anowanzo shandiswa kuomarara kwepombi: Brinell, Rockwell, uye Vickers kuoma.
A. Brinell kuoma (HB)
Shandisa bhora resimbi kana carbide bhora reimwe dhayamita kudzvanya mukati meiyo sample surface neyakatsanangurwa bvunzo simba (F). Mushure menguva yakatarwa yekubata, bvisa simba rekuyedza uye uyere iyo indentation dhayamita (L) pane yemuenzaniso wepamusoro. Brinell hardness value ndiyo quotient inowanikwa nekupatsanura simba rekuyedza nepamusoro penzvimbo yedenderedzwa. Inoratidzwa muHBS (bhora resimbi), iyo unit iN/mm2 (MPa).
Iyo calculation formula ndeye:
Mune fomula: F-simba rekuyedza rakatsikirirwa pamusoro pesimbi sampuli, N;
D-Diameter yebhora resimbi yekuyedza, mm;
d-avhareji yedhayamita ye indentation, mm.
Chiyero chekuoma kweBrinell chakanyanya kunaka uye chakavimbika, asi kazhinji HBS inokodzera chete zvinhu zvesimbi zviri pasi pe450N/mm2 (MPa), uye haikodzere simbi yakaoma kana mahwendefa matete. Pakati pezviyero zvesimbi pombi, Brinell kuomarara ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Iyo indentation dhayamita d inowanzo shandiswa kuratidza kuoma kwezvinhu, izvo zviri zviviri intuitive uye nyore.
Muenzaniso: 120HBS10/1000130: Zvinoreva kuti kuomarara kweBrinell kwakayerwa nekushandisa bhora resimbi dhayamita gumi pasi pesimba rekuedza re1000Kgf (9.807KN) kwe30s (sekondi) i120N/mm2 (MPa).
B. Rockwell kuoma (HR)
Iyo Rockwell kuomarara bvunzo, senge Brinell kuomarara bvunzo, ndiyo indentation bvunzo nzira. Musiyano ndewekuti inoyera kudzika kweiyo indentation. Kureva kuti, pasi pechiito chinotevedzana chesimba rekutanga rekuyedza (Fo) uye simba rese rekuyedza (F), indenter (koni kana bhora resimbi reguyo resimbi) rinotsikirirwa pamusoro peiyo sampuli. Mushure menguva yakatarwa yekubata, simba guru rinobviswa. Simba rekuedza, shandisa yakayerwa yasara indentation kudzama increment (e) kuverenga kukosha kwekuoma. Kukosha kwayo inhamba isingazivikanwe, inomiririrwa nechiratidzo HR, uye zviyero zvinoshandiswa zvinosanganisira zviyero 9, kusanganisira A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, uye K. Pakati pavo, zviyero zvinowanzoshandiswa simbi. Kuomarara kuyedzwa kazhinji A, B, uye C, anoti HRA, HRB, uye HRC.
Huwandu hwekuoma hunoverengerwa uchishandisa fomura inotevera:
Paunenge uchiyedza nezvikero zveA uye C, HR=100-e
Paunenge uchiyedza nechikero cheB, HR=130-e
Mune fomula, e - iyo yakasara indentation deep increment inoratidzwa muchikamu chakatarwa che 0.002mm, kureva, kana axial displacement ye indenter iri imwe unit (0.002mm), yakaenzana nekuchinja kweRockwell kuoma neimwe. nhamba. Iyo yakakura iyo kukosha kwe e, iyo yakaderera kuoma kwesimbi, uye zvinopesana.
Chiyero chinoshanda chezviyero zvitatu zviri pamusoro ndezvizvi:
HRA (diamond cone indenter) 20-88
HRC (diamond cone indenter) 20-70
HRB (dhayamita 1.588mm simbi bhora indenter) 20-100
Rockwell kuomarara bvunzo inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya parizvino, pakati peiyo HRC inoshandiswa musimbi pombi zviyero yechipiri chete kune Brinell kuomarara HB. Rockwell huma hunogona kushandiswa kuyera zvinhu zvesimbi kubva zvakapfava zvakanyanya kusvika pakuomarara zvakanyanya. Inogadzirisa kukanganisa kweBrinell nzira. Iyo iri nyore kupfuura nzira yeBrinell uye kukosha kwekuoma kunogona kuverengwa zvakananga kubva kune dial yemuchina wekuoma. Nekudaro, nekuda kwediki indentation yayo, kukosha kwekuomarara hakuna kururama senzira yeBrinell.
C. Vickers kuoma (HV)
Iyo Vickers kuomarara bvunzo zvakare indentation bvunzo nzira. Inodzvanya square piramidi yedhaimani indenter ine kona inosanganisirwa ye1360 pakati penzvimbo dzakatarisana munzvimbo yekuyedza pane yakasarudzwa bvunzo simba (F), uye inoibvisa mushure menguva yakatarwa yekubata. Simba, pima kureba kwemadiagonal maviri eiyo indentation.
Iyo Vickers kuomarara kukosha ndiyo quotient yesimba rekuyedza rakakamurwa neiyo indentation pamusoro penzvimbo. Yayo yekuverenga formula ndeye:
Muchidimbu: HV-Vickers chiratidzo chekuoma, N/mm2 (MPa);
F-kuedza simba, N;
d-iyo masvomhu zvinoreva maviri diagonal eiyo indentation, mm.
Simba rekuedza F rinoshandiswa muVickers kuoma ndeye 5 (49.03), 10 (98.07), 20 (196.1), 30 (294.2), 50 (490.3), 100 (980.7) Kgf (N) nemamwe mazinga matanhatu. Hwaro hwekuoma hunogona kuyerwa Hurukuro ndeye 5 ~ 1000HV.
Muenzaniso wekutaura nzira: 640HV30/20 zvinoreva kuti kuoma kweVickers ukoshi yakayerwa nesimba rekuedza re30Hgf (294.2N) ye20S (sekondi) i640N/mm2 (MPa).
Iyo Vickers kuomarara nzira inogona kushandiswa kuona kuoma kwezvinhu zvakatetepa zvesimbi uye pamusoro pezvikamu. Iyo ine mabhenefiti makuru eBrinell neRockwell nzira uye inokunda kukanganisa kwavo kwekutanga, asi haisi nyore senzira yeRockwell. Vickers nzira haiwanzo kushandiswa mune simbi pombi zviyero.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-03-2024