Dzidza Nezvezvivakwa uye Mashandisirwo eBrass Metal

Jindalai (Shandong) Steel Group Co., Ltd. inopa zvigadzirwa zvemhangura zvakasiyana-siyana muhukuru uye huwandu kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa zvechero chirongwa.
1. Zvivakwa
● Rudzi rweAlloy: Binary
● Zviri Mukati: Mhangura neZinki
● Kuwanda: 8.3-8.7 g/cm3
● Nzvimbo Yokunyunguduka: 1652-1724 °F (900-940 °C)
● Kuoma kwaMoh: 3-4

2. Hunhu
Hunhu chaihwo hwebrass dzakasiyana hunoenderana nekuumbwa kwebrass alloy, kunyanya chiyero checopper-zinc. Kazhinji, zvisinei, brass dzese dzinokosheswa nekuda kwekushanda kwadzo kana nyore nyore kwesimbi inogona kugadzirwa kuita maumbirwo anodiwa uku ichiramba yakasimba.

Kunyange zvazvo paine musiyano pakati pebrasses dzine zinc yakawanda nedzisina, mabrasses ese anoonekwa seanogona kunyungudika uye anoshandiswa mupurasitiki (zinc yakaderera zvakanyanya). Nekuda kwekunyungudika kwayo kwakaderera, brass inogonawo kunyungudika zviri nyore. Zvisinei, pakushandisa casting, zinc yakawanda inowanzo shandiswa.

Brass dzine zinc shoma dzinogona kubikwa zviri nyore, kusungirirwa uye kusungirirwa. Copper yakawanda inobvumirawo simbi kuti igadzire ganda rekuchengetedza oxide (patina) pamusoro payo rinochengetedza ngura, chinhu chinokosha mukushandiswa kunoita kuti simbi iparare nehunyoro uye iome.

Simbi iyi ine kupisa kwakanaka uye kufambisa magetsi (kufambisa magetsi kunogona kubva pa23% kusvika 44% kupfuura mhangura chaiyo), uye haiparare kana kupiswa nemoto. Kufanana nemhangura, hunhu hwayo hwebhakitiriya hwakaita kuti ishandiswe muzvimbuzi nenzvimbo dzehutano.

Brass inoonekwa sesimbi isina simba uye isina simba remagineti, nepo simba rayo rekurira rakaita kuti ishandiswe muzviridzwa zvakawanda zvemimhanzi zve'brass band'. Vanyori nevagadziri vezvivakwa vanokoshesa kunaka kwesimbi iyi, sezvo ichigona kugadzirwa nemavara akasiyana-siyana, kubva kutsvuku kusvika kune yero yegoridhe.

3. Mashandisirwo
Hunhu hwakakosha hweBrass uye nyore kwayo kugadzira zvakaita kuti ive imwe yemhando dzesimbi dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Kuunganidza runyorwa rwakakwana rwezvinhu zvese zvinoshandiswa nebrass kwaizova basa guru, asi kuti tinzwisise maindasitiri nemhando dzezvigadzirwa zvinowanikwa nebrass tinogona kuisa muzvikamu nekupfupisa mamwe mashandisirwo ekupedzisira zvichienderana nerudzi rwebrass inoshandiswa:
● Brass yekucheka isina muripo (semuenzaniso C38500 kana 60/40 brass):
● Nzungu, mabhaudhi, zvikamu zvakarukwa
● Mateminari
● Majeti
● Mapombi
● Majekiseni

4. Nhoroondo
Masimbi emhangura ne zinc alloys akagadzirwa kare muzana remakore rechishanu BC muChina uye aishandiswa zvakanyanya pakati peAsia panosvika zana remakore rechipiri nerechitatu BC. Zvisinei, zvidimbu izvi zvesimbi zvinoshongedza zvinogona kunzi 'masimbi echisikigo,' sezvo pasina humbowo hwekuti vagadziri vazvo vaisanganisa mhangura ne zinc nemaune. Pane kudaro, zvingangodaro kuti masimbi aya ainyungudutswa kubva mumhangura ine zinc yakawanda, zvichigadzira simbi dzisina kuchena dzakaita semhangura.

Zvinyorwa zvechiGiriki nezvechiRoma zvinoratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwema alloys akafanana nesimbi yemazuva ano, uchishandisa mhangura ne zinc oxide-rich ore inozivikanwa se calamine, kwakaitika muzana remakore rekutanga BC. Calamine brass yakagadzirwa uchishandisa nzira yekusimbisa, apo mhangura yainyungudutswa mumoto wemoto uchishandisa ground smithsonite (kana calamine) ore.

Pakupisa kwakanyanya, zinc iri musimbi yakadaro inoshanduka kuita utsi uye inonyura mumhangura, nokudaro ichigadzira simbi yakachena ine 17-30% zinc. Nzira iyi yekugadzira simbi yakashandiswa kwemakore anoda kusvika 2000 kusvika kutanga kwezana remakore rechi19. Nguva pfupi mushure mekunge vaRoma vawana nzira yekugadzira simbi, simbi iyi yakanga yava kushandiswa kugadzira mari munzvimbo dzeTurkey yemazuva ano. Izvi zvakakurumidza kupararira muUmambo hweRoma hwese.

5. Mhando
'Brass' izwi rinowanzo shandiswa rinoreva mhando dzakasiyana dze copper-zinc alloys. Kutaura zvazviri, kune mhando dzakasiyana dze copper dzinopfuura makumi matanhatu dzakatsanangurwa ne EN (European Norm) Standards. Idzi alloys dzinogona kuva nemhando dzakasiyana dzemaumbirwo zvichienderana nehunhu hunodiwa pakushandiswa kwakati.

6. Kugadzirwa
Brass inowanzogadzirwa kubva muzvimedu zvemhangura ne zinc ingots. Mhangura yakachekwa inosarudzwa zvichienderana nekusachena kwayo, sezvo zvimwe zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti pave negiredhi chaiyo yemhangura inodiwa.
Nekuti zinc inotanga kufashaira uye kupwanyika pa1665°F (907°C), pasi pekunyunguduka kwemhangura pa1981°F (1083°C), mhangura inofanira kutanga yanyunguduka. Kana yanyunguduka, zinc inowedzerwa pachiyero chakakodzera giredhi remhangura iri kugadzirwa. Kunyange zvazvo paine mukana wekuti zinc irasikirwe nekupwanyika.

Panguva iyi, chero dzimwe simbi dzakawedzerwa, dzakadai se lead, aruminiyamu, silicon kana arsenic, dzinowedzerwa kumusanganiswa kuti pagadzirwe alloy inodiwa. Kana alloy yakanyungudutswa yagadzirwa, inodururwa muzviumbwa uko inosimba kuita slabs hombe kana billets. Billets - kazhinji dze alpha-beta brass - dzinogona kugadzirwa zvakananga kuita waya, mapaipi, uye machubhu kuburikidza ne hot extrusion, izvo zvinosanganisira kusundidzira simbi inopisa kuburikidza ne die, kana hot forging.

Kana zvisina kubudiswa kana kugadzirwa, mabhiritsi acho anozodziiswazve uye anopihwa kuburikidza nemaroller esimbi (maitiro anozivikanwa sekukanda kunopisa). Mugumisiro wacho i slabs dzine ukobvu husingasviki hafu ye inchi (<13mm). Mushure mekutonhora, brass inopihwa kuburikidza nemuchina wekugaya, kana kuti scalper, iyo inocheka jira rakatetepa kubva pasimbi kuitira kubvisa zvikanganiso zvekugadzira pamusoro uye oxide.

Pasi pemhepo ine gasi kudzivirira oxidation, chisanganiswa chinodziiswa uye chinomonerwa zvakare, maitiro anozivikanwa se annealing asati amonerwa zvakare patembiricha inotonhorera (cold rolling) kusvika pamapepa ane ukobvu hwe 0.1" (2.5mm). Maitiro ekumonera anotonhora anochinja chimiro chemukati chebrass, zvichikonzera simbi yakasimba uye yakaoma. Danho iri rinogona kudzokororwa kusvika ukobvu hwaunoda kana kuomarara kwawanikwa.

Pakupedzisira, mapepa anochekwa uye anochekwa kuti pave nehupamhi nehurefu hunodiwa. Machira ese, zvinhu zvesimbi zvakaumbwa, zvakagadzirwa, uye zvakaburitswa zvinopihwa mvura yekugeza, inowanzo gadzirwa nehydrochloric nesulfuric acid, kubvisa ganda remhangura dema uye kusviba.

Majindalai anoisa mapepa emhangura nesimbi muukuru kubva pa0.05 kusvika 50mm, uye mu annealed, quarter hard, half hard, uye full hard tempers. Mamwe ma tempers ne alloys anowanikwawo. Tumirai mubvunzo wenyu uye tichafara kukubvunzai nehunyanzvi.

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